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Principles

Hanmudo Principles

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Theory:


Han Mu Do has four different parts of its theory.  First, is the Here and Now.  Second is the Infinity Movement.  Third is the Three-Rhythm Movement.  Fourth is the Nine-Directions.  


1.Here and Now- In Han Mu Do training, when an opponent attacks, I block and then counter-attack.  This means that what is happening “here and now” is most important.  When the opponent attacks, you cannot say, “I will block tomorrow.”  Or you cannot ask someone else to block for you.  In this logic, today is the most important day, and it is better than yesterday and better than tomorrow.  When an opponent attacks, I must block and counter in that very moment.  In doing so, I develop physical and mental discipline.  This training helps to bring about endurance and self-discipline.  When you endure this hardship then you can have confidence in yourself as protection.  You feel that “here and now” is more important than any other time, past or future.  


2.Infinity Movement- The three countries of China, Korea, and Japan, are geographically close to each other, and although they have engaged in war and peace throughout their separate histories, they share many common practices, but have also developed separate levels of national identity and cultural characteristics, such as art, architecture, clothing, dancing, and other artistic developments.  These developments are held as part of cultural identity.  Each of the three countries utilize the use of “chopsticks,” but the Chinese chopstick is different from the Korean chopstick, and the Japanese chop-tick. Each is unique to its own nation. In this same manner, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese martial arts are unique to their own cultures.  The Infinity Movement makes Han Mu Do techniques flow more easily and allows Ki to flow move easily through our bodies, allowing us to more easily when blocking and countering an opponent’s attack.  When you have a basic “Mu Han Dai training with Ki, your foot position is equivalent to your shoulder width.  Stretch your hands forward with palms facing each other.  Then let the right-hand KI push the left hand down to the left knee.  Then lift up the left hand allow its KI to push the right hand until the right hand reaches the right knee.  Then repeat with the right hand pushing the left hand as done previously.  The top hand is the Ki hand pushing the other hand.  


3.Three-Rhythm Movement- Three Rhythm comes from Cheon Ji In (Heaven Earth Human).  The Korean ancestors believed that the Three components make the One, and One makes the Three.  Westerners may not understand this concept very well, but if we close our hand, it makes one fist.  If we open the fist, we have five fingers.  They, one and five, are the same.  Korean ancestors enjoyed dancing with the traditional Three-Rhythms.  “Uhr SsiGu JoTa,” “I’m feeling good!”  In martial arts, Tae Kyon also has a three-rhythm movement called, “Ikki Yakki Ikki.”  When practicing self-defense techniques in Han Mu Do training, the left shoulder, right shoulder, and forward rhythm flow together.    In everyday life, I use this three-rhythm daily.  For example, when I have trouble getting up from bed, I count one, two, three, and sit up from the bed.  Second, I count one, two, three, then get out of bed.  Third, I walk around the bed saying, “I’m feeling good!”


4.Nine-Directions- In martial art training, speed is quite important, but what is more important is to move in the right direction.  In Han Mu Do, we divide the nine-directions for defense and counters.  Also, when you move to a higher rank, we practice archery.  This indicates your right direction.  You must move toward your goal, or your target.  Mohandas Gandhi once said, “If you do not have the correct direction, it does matter how fast your travel.  Without the right direction, you will never reach your destination.”

Han Mu Do Kibon (Fundamentals):

In the technical areas of Han Mu Do, there are three divisions.  

Empty hands, Weapons, and Ki Breathing Divisions.  In the area of Empty hands, it can be sub-divided into Ta Sul- Countering with kicks and punches.  Second is Kwan Jul Sul- countering with joint-locks. And third is Too Sul- counter with a throw.  


1.Che Sul-

Che Sul (empty-hand techniques) and Mu Ki Sul (Weapon techniques).  Han Che Sul is divided into three sections; Ta Sul (kicking and striking techniques) Kwan Jul Sul (Joint-locking techniques) and Too Sul (throwing techniques) which can be used when an opponent grabs you by the body or clothing, then you counter and throw.

A.Ta Sul-In Han Mu Do, Ta Sul comes from Tae Kyon kicks and punches.  In the execution of Ta Sul, use the Tae Kyon three-rhythm principle.  When the opponent attacks, you block and counter.  Bhang Kwon Sul Son, and Bhang Kwon Sul Bal are good examples of this practice.  

B.Kwan Jul Sul-There are various joint-locks defenses, such as wrist lock, elbow lock, ankle lock, and knee locks.  Kwan Jul Sul has been carried out by Won Eui Kwang, and his descendants in Japan.  Choi Young Sul learned these techniques from Sokaku Takeda and returned to Korea after WWII.  He then spread this art under the name of Hapkido.  Another branch of Kwan Jul Sul has been practiced in Korea and Son Duk Ki taught this art to contemporary students.  Han Mu Do combined these two branches of Kwan Jul Sul.

C.Too Sul-As counter-attacking techniques, these throwing techniques were used.  There are two different of throws.  In Ssireum, when the opponent attacks from under the belt, you lift him up, rotate and throw.  In other cases, when the opponent attacks above the belt, you grab the opponent and break their balance by pulling them forward, then throw (as performed in Yudo).  Han Mu Do uses these two types of throwing techniques to counter against an opponent’s attack.  


2.Mu Ki Sul  (Weapons) Practicing weapons may be considered “out-of-date” by many modern-day people, but it holds many merits.  Weapons assist in self-defense training, but also help students develop coordination between the body and the weapon.  It also teaches how to become one within the universe, earth, and other humans.  

A.Koong Sul (Archery) The Korean bow has been called as “Dan Koong.”  Coming from Dan Kun Wang Kum, who was the first king of the Korean nation.  This means that archery has been used since the beginning of the Korean nation, either on the battlefield or for hunting.  Also, when the government gave Moo Kwa test (military official test) archery was a major component of the test.  In recent years, the Korea Archery Association was founded in 1946.  It promoted building archery facilities in every city and county so that students would have the opportunity to learn the bow and arrow.  In Han Mu Do, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Dans are required to perform archery on their tests.  Archery tests us to practice and to concentrate upon a target, or a goal.  We learn to focus on the target; therefore, we learn to focus on our goals.  

B.Kum Sul (Sword) Among the Korean sword techniques, two famous styles of Kum techniques are Choseon Seo Bub and Bon Kuk Kum.  The Chinese general, Mo Eui Won, wrote “Moo Bi Ji” martial art books.  Choseon Seo Bub was listed, and it has been used against the Japanese soldiers during the Japan/Korean War (1592-1598).  King Jung Jo (1771-1800) ordered Lee Duk Moo and Park Je Ga to publish martial art books called “Muye Dobo Tong-gi.”  In this book, there are twenty-four divisions of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese martial arts listed.  Bon Kuk Kum, which had been practiced by Hwang Chang Rang during the Silla Kingdom, was also listed.  In Han Mu Do, Kum Sul practice, we learn not only the traditional Kum Sul, but also modern created Kum Sul techniques.  We emphasize accuracy of cutting.  Symbolically, the sword is used to separate “right from wrong.”  When used correctly, it can be helpful for society. When used incorrectly, it can be quite dangerous to society.  An ancient story of philosophy relates the story of the Cow and the serpent.  They each drink water.  But, from the water, the Cow produces milk.  From the water, the serpent produces poison. 

C.Bong Sul (Long pole and Short Stick) Bong Sul is still in its developing stages in Korea.  At the end of the Lee Dynasty (1392-1910) Dan Bong Sul was every popular among the policemen, especially with night patrol policemen.  They could strike with the Dan Bong and let people know they were patrolling the area.  At the same time, when they would see a suspect, they could arrest them more easily using the Dan Bong.  The Dan Bong (Short stick) called Yuk Mo Bang Mae, meaning “six angle short stick.”  The middle-sized pole and long pole are used for performing hyung and demonstrations.  Actual fighting techniques should be developed with great care and practice.  Rotation of the Bong and striking and thrusting techniques are still being developed. 


3.Han Ki Bub (Meditation)- Han Ki Bub is mental training which has been used for over 4000 years.  Most of the time these practitioners were training in the high mountains and associated little with common people.  Recently, especially after the Korean War, these people began to leave their mountain retreats.  The modern government suspected that some of these people were communist spies.  They were encouraged to come down out of the mountains and to assimilate with the general population.  One of them was Kwon Tae Woong.  I had the chance to learn from three grand masters.  One was Kwon Tae Woong, second was Lee Seung Hun, and third was Dr. Lee Hee Sun.  They taught me the accumulation of Ki, Circulation of Ki, and the application of Ki in the martial arts.  

In order to learn Ki properly, you have to have three following stages. 


A. Jo Shin- (Body posture) In order to allow the Ki to flow naturally, you have to have the right body posture.  Traditionally, they used the lotus and half-lotus positions.  Your body weight should go one-third to your left knee, one-third to your right knee, and one-third to your hips.  In order to make this position, you have to have a higher cushion under your hips.  In this position the center of your body weight is located at the Danjon, one inch below our navel.  


B.Jo Shik (right breathing techniques) There are many breathing techniques.  But, in Han Mu Do training, I introduced techniques used by Kwon Tae Woong, Lee Seung Hun, and Lee Hee Sun.  

Soo Shik Kwan, When your exhale, count it as one.  When you inhale, count as two, and continue through the count of ten. Each breath, inhale and exhale, is counted as a separate movement.  While inhaling or exhaling, do so to the count of ten.  You will count to ten during each process.  When practicing this breathing exercise, visualize your Danjon as your nose.  Inhale, then exhale to the count of ten and repeat.

Chool Shik Kwan, When you inhale and exhale, only count when you exhale.  Do not count when you inhale!  When engaged in meditation you may feel sleepy, or that your mind will not concentrate. Use this method.

Ib Shik Kwan, When you inhale and exhale, only count when you inhale.  It is hard to count, but when your mind is unstable, this method helps to develop focus.  

Hee Sun Kwan, In the beginning stage of this practice, when you inhale, count 1, 2, 3, 4.  When you exhale, count 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.  Gradually increase the number.  You can go up to thirty.  The most important practice is that the exhale number has to be higher than the inhale number.  If you practice thirty minutes per day, and five hours during the weekend, you can really enjoy the taste of meditation after three years.  


C. Jo Shim- (Focused mind) One Zen master once said, “The Mind is just like a monkey, running here and there.  So, it is hard to put it in one spot.”  We who are living in this complicated society, it is hard to put our mind in one spot.  Therefore, right body posture gives stability over the body and helps with inhaling and exhaling.  Then the mind should count one-two-three-four while you are inhaling.  Then count one through six when you exhale.  Concentrate on the counting and your mind and body will become one with each other.  This is the basic method to put you mind in one place.  It was practiced by Hee Sun Kwan to control the mind.






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